Environmental Data Analysis
What Is a Consumer Confidence Report?
Every community water system in America is required by the EPA to deliver an annual water quality report to its customers by July 1 each year. This report, officially called a Consumer Confidence Report (CCR), contains detailed information about where your water comes from and what contaminants have been detected.
Where to Find Your Report
Your water utility must deliver the CCR to you annually. Many utilities now publish them online. You can also find yours through the EPA's CCR search tool or by contacting your local water utility directly. If you rent, your landlord may receive the report — but you have the right to request a copy.
Understanding the Key Sections
Source Water Information tells you whether your water comes from surface water (rivers, lakes, reservoirs) or groundwater (wells, aquifers). Surface water typically requires more treatment but is more closely monitored. Groundwater is naturally filtered but can contain minerals and, in some areas, naturally occurring contaminants like arsenic.
Detected Contaminants Table is the most important section. It lists every regulated contaminant found in your water along with the level detected, the Maximum Contaminant Level (MCL) allowed by EPA, and the Maximum Contaminant Level Goal (MCLG), which is the level below which there is no known health risk. Pay attention to any contaminant where the detected level approaches or exceeds the MCL.
Violations Section lists any instances where your water system failed to meet a standard. Not all violations are health-related — some are monitoring or reporting violations. Health-based violations are the most concerning and should prompt you to take action.
Key Terms You Need to Know
What to Do If You See Concerning Numbers
If any contaminant exceeds its MCL, your water utility is required to notify you and take corrective action. However, you don't need to wait for a violation to take precautions. If contaminant levels are approaching MCLs, or if you're concerned about specific substances like lead, PFAS, or arsenic, consider getting your water independently tested and investing in an appropriate water filter.
Limitations of the CCR
Your CCR tells you about water quality at the treatment plant, not necessarily at your tap. Old pipes, lead service lines, and building plumbing can introduce contaminants after treatment. The CCR also doesn't test for every possible contaminant — only those regulated by EPA. Emerging contaminants like PFAS may not appear in older reports.
Topics Covered
Frequently Asked Questions
How often are water quality reports published?
Community water systems must publish Consumer Confidence Reports (CCRs) annually by July 1, covering data from the previous calendar year.
What does MCL stand for in a water report?
MCL stands for Maximum Contaminant Level — the highest level of a contaminant legally allowed in drinking water, set by the EPA.
Should I be worried if a contaminant is detected?
Not necessarily. Many contaminants are detected at levels well below health-based limits. Concern is warranted when levels approach or exceed the MCL or Action Level.
Does my water report tell me about lead in my home?
The CCR reports system-wide lead testing results (90th percentile), but your individual home may differ based on your service line and plumbing. Request a free home test for accuracy.
Where can I find my city water quality report?
Check your water utility website, contact them directly, or use EPA's CCR search tool at epa.gov. You can also check your city on US Water Grade for interpreted data.
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