Free water quality reports for every city in America. See what's really in your tap water based on EPA data.
US Water Grade helps you understand the quality of your tap water by providing easy-to-read reports based on official EPA testing data. Every public water system in America is required to test for dozens of contaminants and report the results. We take that complex data and translate it into simple letter grades and actionable insights you can understand.
Water quality varies significantly from city to city depending on the source (groundwater vs. surface water), treatment methods, and the condition of local infrastructure. Common concerns include lead from aging pipes, PFAS "forever chemicals" from industrial contamination, arsenic naturally occurring in groundwater, and disinfection byproducts from water treatment. Our reports highlight which contaminants have been detected in your city and whether levels exceed EPA health guidelines.
All water quality information is sourced from the EPA's Safe Drinking Water Information System (SDWIS), which contains compliance data from every public water system in the United States. This includes monitoring results, violations, and enforcement actions dating back multiple years.
Our water quality grading methodology is built on transparency and relies entirely on publicly available government data. We do not conduct our own water testing or generate proprietary measurements. Instead, we aggregate data from the EPA's Safe Drinking Water Information System (SDWIS), which contains compliance monitoring results from over 150,000 public water systems across all 50 states and U.S. territories. This is the same data that your local water utility is required by law to report to the EPA under the Safe Drinking Water Act.
For each city, we collect the most recent available testing results for all regulated contaminants, including inorganic chemicals like lead and arsenic, organic chemicals like benzene and atrazine, disinfection byproducts such as trihalomethanes (THMs) and haloacetic acids (HAA5), and microbiological indicators like coliform bacteria. We also pull violation data from the EPA ECHO (Enforcement and Compliance History Online) database, which records every instance where a water system has exceeded a Maximum Contaminant Level (MCL), failed to conduct required testing, or received an enforcement action from state or federal regulators.
Our scoring algorithm weighs multiple factors to produce a single 0-to-100 score. The most heavily weighted factor is contaminant levels relative to EPA MCLs: a city with all contaminants well below legal limits scores higher than one with levels approaching or exceeding limits. We also incorporate the number and severity of recent violations, the types of contaminants detected (with known carcinogens weighted more heavily), and the water system's compliance track record over the past several years. For additional context, we compare contaminant levels against health-based guidelines from the Environmental Working Group (EWG), which are often more stringent than EPA legal limits because they account for newer research on health effects at lower exposure levels.
It is important to understand what our scores can and cannot tell you. Our grades reflect the quality of water leaving the treatment plant and entering the distribution system, based on the monitoring data utilities report to the EPA. They do not account for conditions specific to your home, such as lead service lines, old copper pipes with lead solder, or private well water (which is not regulated under the Safe Drinking Water Act). If you live in a home built before 1986, we strongly recommend testing your tap water directly, as lead can leach from your plumbing even if the city's water supply is lead-free.
Every city on US Water Grade receives a letter grade from A to F, derived from a numerical score on a 0-to-100 scale. These grades are designed to give you an at-a-glance understanding of how your city's tap water compares to both federal safety standards and health-based guidelines. Here is what each grade means and what actions you might consider based on your city's rating.
Grade A (90-100): Excellent water quality. All tested contaminants are well below EPA Maximum Contaminant Levels, and the water system has a clean compliance record with no recent violations. Cities with Grade A water typically have modern treatment facilities, well-maintained infrastructure, and clean source water. While no public water supply is completely contaminant-free, Grade A cities have the lowest detected levels across the board. A basic carbon filter for taste improvement is optional but not a health necessity for most residents.
Grade B (80-89): Good water quality. Contaminant levels are below EPA limits, though some may be approaching the threshold or exceed stricter EWG health guidelines. The water system may have minor compliance issues that have been resolved. Grade B water is generally safe for most people, but individuals with compromised immune systems, pregnant women, or families with infants may want to consider a carbon or pitcher filter as an added precaution, particularly if specific contaminants of concern are flagged in the report.
Grade C (70-79): Average water quality. Some contaminants are detected at levels that, while still within EPA legal limits, exceed health-based guidelines from organizations like the EWG. The system may have a history of minor violations or monitoring gaps. For Grade C cities, we recommend reviewing the specific contaminants detected in your report and considering a filter matched to those concerns. Common issues at this level include elevated disinfection byproducts, moderate nitrate levels, or trace amounts of industrial chemicals.
Grade D (60-69): Below average water quality. One or more contaminants may be approaching or occasionally exceeding EPA limits, and the system likely has a record of violations. Residents in Grade D cities should take proactive steps to protect their drinking water, including installing a certified water filter appropriate for the specific contaminants detected. We recommend reviewing the detailed contaminant breakdown in your city's report and considering a reverse osmosis system if multiple contaminants are elevated.
Grade F (0-59): Poor water quality requiring immediate attention. Contaminant levels may exceed EPA limits, the system may have active or unresolved violations, and there are significant concerns about long-term exposure. Residents in Grade F areas should strongly consider using a high-quality water filter such as a reverse osmosis system, request their utility's most recent Consumer Confidence Report, and consider independent home water testing to understand what is coming out of their specific tap. Boil water advisories or do-not-drink orders may be in effect for the most severe cases.
The EPA regulates over 90 contaminants in public drinking water, but thousands of additional chemicals have been detected in water supplies that are not yet subject to federal limits. Understanding the most common contaminants and their health effects is essential for making informed decisions about your drinking water and whether you need a filter.
Lead is one of the most dangerous drinking water contaminants because there is no safe level of exposure, particularly for children. Lead exposure causes irreversible brain damage in developing children, reduces IQ, and is linked to behavioral problems, kidney damage, and cardiovascular disease in adults. Lead typically enters water through aging infrastructure: lead service lines connecting homes to water mains, lead solder used in copper pipe joints before 1986, and older brass fixtures. Even cities with excellent source water can have lead problems at the tap if homes and service lines have not been updated.
PFAS (per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances), commonly called "forever chemicals," are a class of over 12,000 synthetic chemicals that do not break down in the environment or the human body. They accumulate over time and are linked to multiple cancers, thyroid disease, immune system suppression, reproductive harm, and liver damage. PFAS entered water supplies through firefighting foam used at military bases and airports, industrial manufacturing, and everyday consumer products like non-stick cookware and stain-resistant fabrics. The EPA established new enforceable limits in 2024 for six PFAS compounds, setting maximum levels of 4 parts per trillion for PFOA and PFOS, two of the most studied and harmful compounds in the group.
Disinfection byproducts (DBPs) are chemical compounds that form when chlorine or other disinfectants react with natural organic matter in water during the treatment process. The most common DBPs are trihalomethanes (THMs) and haloacetic acids (HAA5), both of which are linked to increased cancer risk with long-term exposure, as well as reproductive and developmental problems. DBPs are particularly common in cities that rely on surface water sources like rivers and reservoirs, which contain more organic material than groundwater. While disinfection is essential for killing harmful bacteria, the byproducts it creates represent a trade-off that can be addressed through improved treatment methods or home filtration with activated carbon.
Arsenic is a naturally occurring element found in rock and soil that dissolves into groundwater, making it most prevalent in regions that rely on well water and aquifers, particularly in the Southwest and parts of New England. Long-term arsenic exposure at levels above the EPA limit of 10 parts per billion is associated with skin, bladder, and lung cancer, as well as cardiovascular disease and diabetes. The EWG recommends a much lower threshold of 0.004 ppb based on a one-in-a-million cancer risk standard. Reverse osmosis filters are the most effective method for removing arsenic from drinking water at the household level.
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Our water quality scores are based on official EPA testing data and provide an objective assessment of tap water safety in cities across America.
We pull water quality data directly from EPA's SDWIS database, which tracks every public water system in America. This includes testing results for over 90 regulated contaminants, violation history, and enforcement actions.
We compare detected contaminant levels against both EPA Maximum Contaminant Levels (MCLs) and more stringent health guidelines from organizations like the EWG to provide a complete risk picture.
Our algorithm calculates an overall score (0-100) and letter grade based on contaminant levels, compliance history, system infrastructure, and the severity of any violations found.
Understanding what may be in your tap water is the first step to protecting your health. These are the most common contaminants found in U.S. drinking water.
Causes brain damage in children, no safe level. Common in older homes with lead pipes.
EPA Limit: 15 ppb | EWG: 1 ppb"Forever chemicals" linked to cancer, immune damage. Found near industrial areas.
EPA Limit: 4 ppt | EWG: 1 pptCarcinogen causing skin, bladder, and lung cancer. Natural in Southwest groundwater.
EPA Limit: 10 ppb | EWG: 0.004 ppbDangerous for infants (blue baby syndrome). Common in agricultural areas.
EPA Limit: 10 mg/L | EWG: 0.14 mg/LDisinfectant that can form cancer-linked byproducts. Affects taste and odor.
EPA Limit: 4 mg/L (chlorine)See our complete guide to water contaminants
All water quality data is sourced from official government databases and leading environmental health organizations.
Learn about our methodologyThe safety of your tap water depends on your specific location and water system. Most public water systems in the US meet EPA standards, but water quality varies significantly between cities. Some areas have elevated levels of contaminants like lead, PFAS, or arsenic. Search for your city on our site to see your water quality score and which specific contaminants have been detected.
Have more questions about water quality?
A home water filter can remove most contaminants and give you peace of mind. See our recommended filters.
In-depth guides on water safety, contaminants, filtration, and how to protect your family's drinking water.
Complete beginner's guide to water quality scores, contaminants, and what they mean for your health.
How to interpret your utility's Consumer Confidence Report and understand the data.
Match the right filter type to your specific water quality concerns and budget.
How lead gets in your water, health risks, and what you can do to reduce exposure.
What PFAS are, why they're in your water, and the latest EPA standards.
How to test your tap water at home and understand the results.
How municipal water is treated before it reaches your tap.
Learn how we collect data from EPA and calculate water quality scores.