Chlorine & Chloramine in Tap Water
Chlorine and chloramine are disinfectants added to kill bacteria. While necessary for safe water, they create harmful byproducts, cause taste/odor issues, and may irritate skin and respiratory systems.
What are Chlorine & Chloramine?
Chlorine
Most common disinfectant. Kills bacteria, viruses, parasites. Evaporates quickly. Causes "swimming pool" smell.
Chloramine
Chlorine + ammonia. Longer-lasting than chlorine. Used by 1 in 5 Americans. Harder to remove. May cause lead leaching in old pipes.
Health Concerns
Disinfection Byproducts (Main Concern)
Chlorine reacts with organic matter to form:
- • Trihalomethanes (THMs) - carcinogenic
- • Haloacetic Acids (HAAs) - carcinogenic
- • Linked to bladder and colorectal cancer
- • Reproductive and developmental effects
Direct Effects (Lower concern)
- • Taste and odor issues
- • Skin irritation and dryness
- • Respiratory irritation (chlorine gas in shower)
- • Eye irritation
EPA Limits
All public water systems in US use chlorine or chloramine disinfection. Levels within EPA limits considered safe for consumption.
How to Remove Chlorine & Chloramine
For Chlorine
1. Activated Carbon Filters - 95%+ removal
Pitcher filters, faucet filters, under-sink systems. Inexpensive and effective.
2. Let Water Sit - 50-80% removal
Uncovered for 30+ minutes. Chlorine evaporates naturally.
3. Vitamin C (Ascorbic Acid)
Neutralizes chlorine instantly. Shower filters often use this method.
For Chloramine (Harder to Remove)
1. Catalytic Carbon Filters
Specially activated carbon designed for chloramine. Standard carbon less effective.
2. Reverse Osmosis
Removes both chloramine and disinfection byproducts.
3. Does NOT Evaporate
Unlike chlorine, letting water sit will NOT remove chloramine.
Whole-House Options
For shower, bath, and all water uses, consider whole-house carbon filtration systems. Especially helpful for skin sensitivity.